Explain Lewin's three-step model for organizational change and its application to sport organizations.

• A. Unfreeze (recognize need for change), Change (implement new processes/structures), Refreeze (stabilize and reinforce). In sport, apply by preparing stakeholders, piloting changes, and embedding them into routines.
• B. Forming, Storming, Performing describe stages of team development.
• C. Initiate, Execute, Evaluate.
• D. Explore, Decide, Implement.

Answer: (A)

The main idea being tested is how Lewin’s three-step model guides organizational change and how it plays out in a sport setting. The model breaks change into three phases: unfreeze, change, and refreeze. In sport organizations, unfreezing means creating awareness of the need for change and building support among everyone involved—coaches, administrators, athletes, and sponsors—so they’re open to new ways of working. This often involves sharing data on performance gaps, explaining the rationale, and engaging stakeholders to reduce resistance.

The change phase is where the new processes, structures, or practices are actually implemented. In sport, that could be piloting a new coaching methodology, reorganizing staff roles, adopting a new performance analytics tool, or changing governance or scheduling practices. This is the hands-on period with training, support, and adjustments as people learn the new approach.

Refreezing is about making the new state stick. It requires embedding the changes into routines and culture—updating policies, job descriptions, and schedules; aligning incentives and performance metrics; and continuing to support and monitor the change so it becomes the new normal.

The other options describe different concepts (like team development stages or generic project cycles) and don’t capture Lewin’s emphasis on stabilizing the change after implementing it.